What scales are available in TEXL?

Created by Michelle Mahdon, Modified on Tue, 07 May 2024 at 05:53 AM by Michelle Mahdon

Below is a list of the scales that will be available within TEXL - please note not all the scales are currently uploaded, we are adding them all the time. If there is one you see in this list that you would like to use now do let us know and we can prioritise entering that one for you.

If you have particular scales you'd like to use that you don't see here please send us a request via contactus@texl.org with the full citation and scale items and response categories.

Abusive Supervision	Tepper, B.J. (2000). Consequences of abusive supervision. Academy of Management Journal, 43(2), 178-190. DOI: 10.2307/1556375
Agency, Communion	Ward, L. C., Thorn, B. E., Clements, K. L., Dixon, K. E., & Sanford, S. D. (2006). Measurement of agency, communion, and emotional vulnerability with the personal attributes questionnaire. Journal of Personality Assessment, 86(2), 206–216. DOI:10.1207/s15327752jpa8602_10
Ambidextrous Leadership	Zacher, H. & Rosing, K. (2015). Ambidextrous leadership and team innovation. Leadership & Organization Development Journal. 36(1), 54-68. DOI: 10.1108/LODJ-11-2012-0141
Authentic Leadership	Neider, L. L., & Schriesheim, C. A. (2011). The Authentic Leadership Inventory (ALI): Development and empirical tests. The Leadership Quarterly, 22, 1146-1164. DOI: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.09.008
Authoritarian Leadership	Cheng, B., Chou, L. & Wu, T. (2004). Paternalistic leadership and subordinate responses: Establishing a leadership model in Chinese organizations. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 7, 89-117. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-839X.2004.00137.x
Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction at Work	Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Gagne, M., Leone, D. R., Usunov, J., & Kornazheva, B. P. (2001). Need satisfaction, motivation, and well-being in the work organizations of a former Eastern Bloc country: A cross-cultural study of self-determination. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(8), 930–942. DOI:10.1177/0146167201278002
Big 5 Personality	DeYoung, C. G., Quilty, L. C., & Peterson, J. B. (2007). Between facets and domains: 10 aspects of the Big Five. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(5), 880-896. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.93.5.880
Burnout	Schaufeli, W.B., Desart, S., & De Witte, H. (2020). Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT) - Development, vailidity and reliability. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(24), 9495; DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249495
Charismatic Leadership	Conger, J.A., Kanungo, R.N., Menon, S.T., & Mathur, P. (2007). Measuring charisma: Dimensionality and validity of the Conger-Kanungo scale of charismatic leadership. Canadian Journal of Adminstrative Science, 14(3), 290-302. DOI: 10.1111/j.1936-4490.1997.tb00136.x
Consideration / Structure	Stogdill, R.M. (1963). Manual for the Leader Behavior Descriptions Questionnaire - FormXII. Columbus: Ohio State University, Bureau of Business Research.
Consultative-Advisory Leadership	Krause, D.E., Gebert, D., & Kearney, E. (2007). Implementing process innovations: The benefits of combining delgative-participative with consultative-advisory leadership. Journal of Leadership & Organisational Studies, 14(1), 16-25. DOI:10.1177/1071791907304224
Counter-Productive Work Behaviors	Duffy, M. K., Ganster, D. C., & Pagon, M. (2002). Social undermining in the workplace. Academy of Management Journal, 45(2), 331-351. DOI: 10.2307/3069350
Counter-Productive Work Behaviors	Spector, P., Fox. S., Penney, L., Bruursema, K., Goh, A., & Kessler, S. (2006). The dimensionality of counterproductivity: are all counterproductive behaviors created equal? Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68(3), 446–460. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2005.10.005
Primary Psychopathy	Levenson, M. R., Kiehl, K. A., & Fitzpatrick, C. M. (1995). Assessing psychopathic attributes in a noninstitutionalized population. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(1), 151–158. DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.68.1.151
Machiavllenism	Dahling, J. J., Whitaker, B. G., & Levy, P. E. (2009). The development and validation of a new machiavellianism scale. Journal of Management, 35(2), 219–257. DOI:10.1177/0149206308318618
Narcisism	Back, M. D., Küfner, A. C. P., Dufner, M., Gerlach, T. M., Rauthmann, J. F., & Denissen, J. J. A. (2013). Narcissistic admiration and rivalry: Disentangling the bright and dark sides of narcissism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 105(6), 1013-37. DOI: 10.1037/a0034431.
Delagative-Partcipative Leadership	Krause, D., Gebert, D., & Kearney, E. (2007). Implementing Process Innovations: The benefits of combining delegative-participative with consultative-advisory leadership. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies 14(1) 16-25. DOI:10.1177/1071791907304224
Destructive Leadership	Thoroughgood, C.N., Padilla, A., Hunter, S.T., Tate, B.W. (2012). The susceptible circle: a taxonomy of followers associated with destructive leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 23(5), 897-917. DOI: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2012.05.007
Disjunt Brokerage Orientation	Grosser, T.J., Obstfeld, D., Labianca, G., Borgatti, S.P. (2019). Measuring mediation and separate brokerage orientations: A further step toward studying the social network brokerage process. Academy of Management Discoveries, 5(2), 114-136. DOI: 10.5465/amd.2017.0110
Leader Effectiveness	Johnson, S. K., Murphy, S. E., Zewdie, S., & Reichard, R. J. (2008). The strong, sensitive type: Effects of gender stereotypes and leadership prototypes on the evaluation of male and female leaders. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 106(1), 39–60. DOI:10.1016/j.obhdp.2007.12.002
Empowering Leadership	Amundsen, S., & Martinsen, Ø. L. (2014). Empowering leadership: Construct clarification, conceptualization, and validation of a new scale. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(3), 487–511. DOI:10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.11.009
Ethical Leadership	Brown, M.E., Treviño,L.K., & Harrison, D.A. (2004). Ethical leadership. A social learning perspective for construct development and testing. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 97, 117-134. DOI: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2005.03.002
Exploitative Leadership	Schmid, E.A., Verdorfer, A.P., & Peus, C (2019). Shedding light on leaders' self-interest: Theory and measurement of exploitative leadership. Journal of Management, 45(4) 1401-1433, DOI: 10.1177/0149206317707
Extrarole and In-role behaviour	Morrison, E. W., & Phelps, C. C. (1999). Taking charge at work: Extrarole efforts to initiate workplace change. Academy of Management Journal, 42(4), 403–419. DOI:10.2307/257011
Expressed Humility	Owens, B.P., Johnson, M.D., Mitchell, T.R. (2013). Expressed humility in organizations: Implications for performance, teams, and leadership. Organization Science, 24(5),1517-1538. DOI:10.1287/orsc.1120.0795
General Health	Cullati, S., Bochatay, N., Rossier, C., Guessous, I., Burton-Jeangros, C., & Courvoisier, D.S. (2020). Does the single-item self-rated health measure the same thing across different wordings? Construct validity study. Quality of Life Research, 29(9):2593-2604. DOI: 10.1007/s11136-020-02533-2.
Influence Tactics	Yukl, G., Seifert, C. F., & Chavez, C. (2008). Validation of the extended influence behavior questionnaire. The Leadership Quarterly, 19(5), 609-621. DOI: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2008.07.006
Instrumental Leadership	Antonakis, J., & House, R.J. (2014). Instrumental leadership: Measurement and extension of transformational-transactional leadership theory. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(4), 746-711. DOI:10.1016/j.leaqua.2014.04.005
Intra Group Conflict	Jehn, K. A., & Mannix, E. A. (2001). The dynamic nature of conflict: A longitudinal study of intragroup conflict and group performance. Academy of Management Journal, 44(2), 238–251. DOI:10.2307/3069453.
Job Demands	Rosin, H. M., & Korabik, K. (1991). Workplace variables, affective responses, and intention to leave among women managers. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 64(4), 317–330. DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1991.tb00563.x
Job Design	Campion, M. A. (1988). Interdisciplinary approaches to job design: A constructive replication with extensions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 73(3), 467–481. DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.73.3.467
Job Satisfaction	Warr, P., Cook, J., & Wall, T. (1979). Scales for the measurement of some work attitudes and aspects of psychological well-being. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 52(2), 129–148. DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1979.tb00448.x
Organizational Justice	Colquitt, J. A. (2001). On the dimensionality of organizational justice: A construct validation of a measure. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 386–400. DOI:10.1037//0021-9010.86.3.386
Leader Sense of Humour	Yam, K.C., Christian, M.S., Wei, W., Liao, Z., & Nai, J. (2018). The mixed blessing of leader sense of humor: examining costs and benefits. Academy of Management Journal 61(1), 348–369 DOI: 10.5465/amj.2015.1088
Leadership Effectiveness	Van Knippenberg, B., & Van Knippenberg, D. (2005). Leader self-sacrifice and leadership effectiveness: The moderating role of leader prototypicality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(1), 25–37. DOI:10.1037/0021-9010.90.1.25
Leader Group Prototypicality	Giessner, S. R., & Van Knippenberg, D. (2008). “License to fail”: Goal definition, leader group prototypicality, and perceptions of leadership effectiveness after leader failure. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 105(1), 14–35. DOI:10.1016/j.obhdp.2007.04.002
Leader Secure-Base Support	Wu, C., & Parker, S.K. (2017). The role of leader support in facilitating proactive work behavior: A perspective from attachment theory. Journal of Management 43(4), 1025-1049. DOI: 10.1177/0149206314544745
Leader Self-Efficacy	Paglis, L. L., & Green, S. G. (2002). Leadership self-efficacy and managers' motivation for leading change. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 215-235. DOI: 10.1002/job.137
Work Locus of Control	Spector, P.E. (1988). Development of the Work Locus of Control scale. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 61(4), 335-340. DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8325.1988.tb00470.x
Mindfulness	Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. Assessment, 13, 27-45. DOI: 10.1177/1073191105283504
Mindfulness	Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822–848. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822
Moral Identity	Aquino, K.F., & Americus Reed, I.I. (2002). The self-importance of moral identity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(6),1423-1440. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.83.6.1423
Motivation to Lead	Chan, K.-Y., & Drasgow, F. (2001). Toward a theory of individual differences and leadership: Understanding the motivation to lead. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68(3), 481–498. DOI:10.1037//0021-9010.86.3.481
Nature, Work and Family	Kelloway, E. K., Gottlieb, B. H., & Barham, L. (1999). The source, nature, and direction of work and family conflict: A longitudinal investigation. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 4(4), 337-346 DOI:10.1037/1076-8998.4.4.337
Organizational Citizenship Behavior	Moorman, R.H., & Blakely, G.L. (1995). Individualism-collectivism as an individual difference predictor of organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organizational Behaviour 16(2) 127-142. DOI: 10.1002/job.4030160204
Organizational Commitment	Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63(1), 1–18. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x
Organizational Identification	Mael, F., & Ashforth, B. E. (1992). Alumni and their alma mater: A partial test of the reformulated model of organizational identification. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13(2), 103–123. DOI: 10.1002/job.4030130202
Organizational Identification	Shamir, B., & Kark, R. (2004). A single-item graphic scale for the measurement of organizational identification. Journal of Organizational and Occupational Pscyhology, 77(1) 115-123. DOI:10.1348/096317904322915946
PANAS International short form	Thompson, E. R. (2007). Development and validation of an internationally reliable Short-Form of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 38(2), 227–242. DOI:10.1177/0022022106297301
Paradoxical Leadership	Zhang, Y., Waldman, D.A., Han.Y., & Li, X. (2014). Paradoxical leader behaviors in people management: antecedents and consequences. Academy of Management Journal, 58(2), 538-566. DOI: 10.5465/amj.2012.0995
Participative Leadership	Ismail, A., Zainuddin, N. F. A., & Ibrahim, Z. (2010). Linking participative and consultative leadership styles to organizational commitment as an antecedent of job satisfaction. Unitar E-Journal, 6, 11-26. DOI:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.09.032
Personal Initiative	Frese, M., Kring, W., Soose, A., & Zempel, J. (1996). Personal initiative at work: Differences between East and West Germany. Academy of Management Journal, 39, 37-63. DOI:10.2307/256630
Political Skills	Ferris, G.R., Treadway, D.G., & Frink,D.D. (2005). Development and validation of the political skill inventory. Journal of Management, 31(1), 126-152. DOI: 10.1177/0149206304271386
Power Bases	Adapted and excerpted in part from Dieterly, D.L., & Schneider, B. (1974). The effect of organizational environment on perceived power and climate: A laboratory study. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 11(3). 316–37. DOI: 10.1016/0030-5073(74)90023-3
Proactive Personality	Bateman, T. S. & Crant, J. M. (1993). The proactive component of organizational behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14(2), 103-118. DOI:10.1002/job.4030140202
Public Leadership	Tummer, L., & Knies,E. (2015). Measuring public leadership: Developing scales for four key public leadership roles. Public Administration, 94(2), 433-451. DOI:10.1111/padm.12224
Resilience	Friborg, O., Hjemdal, O., Rosenvinge, J. H., & Martinussen, M. (2003). A new rating scale for adult resilience: What are the central protective resources behind healthy adjustment? International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 12(2), 65-76. DOI:10.1002/mpr.15
Resilience	Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., & Bernard, J. (2008). The brief resilience scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15(3), 194-200. DOI: 10.1080/10705500802222972
Respectful Leadership	van Quaquebeke, N., & Eckloff, T. (2010). Defining respectful leadership: What it is, how it can be measured, and another glimpse at what it is related to. Journal of Business Ethics, 91(3), 343–358. DOI:10.1007/s10551-009-0087-z
Reverence	Conger, J. A., Kanungo, R. N., & Menon, S. T. (2000). Charismatic leadership and follower effects. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21(7), 747–767. DOI:10.1002/1099-1379(200011)21:7<747::AID-JOB46>3.0.CO;2-J
Role Clarity	Lyons, T. F. (1971). Role clarity, need for clarity, satisfaction, tension, and withdrawal. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 6(1), 99–110. DOI:10.1016/0030-5073(71)90007-9
Role Stressors	Bowling, N.A., Khazon, S., Alarcon, G.M., Blackmore, C.E., Bragg, C.B., Hoepf, M.R., Barelka, A., Kennedy, K., Wang, Q., & Li, H. (2017). Building better measures of role ambiguity and role conflict: The validation of new role stressor scales. Work & Stress, 31(1), 1-23, DOI: 10.1080/02678373.2017.1292563
Self-esteem	Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the Adolescent Self-Image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. DOI:10.1515/9781400876136
Self-Efficacy Leader	Paglis, L. L., & Green, S. G. (2002). Leadership self-efficacy and managers' motivation for leading change. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 215-235. DOI: 10.1002/job.137
Self-Efficacy	Chen, G., Gully, S. M., & Eden, D. (2001). Validation of a New General Self-Efficacy Scale. Organizational Research Methods, 4(1), 62–83. DOI:10.1177/109442810141004
Self Monitoring	Snyder, M., & Gangestad, S. (1986). On the nature of self-monitoring: Matters of assessment, matters of validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(1), 125–139. DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.51.1.125
Self-Sacrifical Leadership	De Cremer, D., Mayer, D. M., van Dijke, M., Schouten, B. C., & Bardes, M. (2009). When does self-sacrificial leadership motivate prosocial behavior? It depends on followers’ prevention focus. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(4), 887–899. DOI: 10.1037/a0014782
Servant Leadership	van Dierendonck, D., & Nuijten, I. (2011). The Servant Leadership Survey: Development and validation of a multidimensional measure. Journal of Business & Psychology, 26, 249-267. DOI:10.1007/s10869-010-9194-1
Spiritual Leadership	Fry, L. W., Vitucci, S., & Cedillo, M. (2005). Spiritual leadership and army transformation: Theory, measurement, and establishing a baseline. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(5), 835–862. DOI:10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.07.012
Stress	Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24(4), 385–396. DOI:10.2307/2136404
Job Stress	Motowidlo, S. J., Packard, J. S., & Manning, M. R. (1986). Occupational stress: Its causes and consequences for job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(4), 618–29. DOI:10.1037//0021-9010.71.4.618
Strong Sensitive Leadership	Johnson, S. K., Murphy, S. E., Zewdie, S., & Reichard, R. J. (2008). The strong, sensitive type: Effects of gender stereotypes and leadership prototypes on the evaluation of male and female leaders. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 106(1), 39–60. DOI: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2007.12.002
Supportive and Noncontrolling Supervison	Oldham, G.R., & Cummings, A.. (1996). Employee creativity: Personal and contextual factors at work. Academy of Management Journal, 39(3), 607-634. DOI: 10.2307/256657
Team Identification	Mael, F. & Ashforth, B.E. (1992), Alumni and their alma mater: A partial test of the reformulated model of organizational identification. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13, 103-123. DOI: 10.1002/job.4030130202
Team Job Performance	Ancona, D., & Caldwell, D. F. (1992). Demography and design: Predictors of new product team performance. Organization Science, 3, 321–341. DOI:10.1287/ORSC.3.3.321
Temporal Leadership	Mohammed, S., & Nadkarni, S. (2011). Temporal diversity and team performance: The moderating role of team temporal leadership. Academy of Management Journal, 54(3), 489–508. DOI:10.5465/AMJ.2011.61967991
Tertius Orientations	Obstfeld, D. (2005). Social networks, the Tertius Iungens orientation, and involvement in innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly 50(1), 100-130. https://doi.org/10.2189/asqu.2005.50.1.100
Thriving	Porath, C., Spreitzer, G., Gibson, C., & Garnett, F.G. (2012). Thriving at work: Toward its measurement, construct validation, and theoretical refinement. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33(2), 250-275. DOI:10.1002/job.756
Turnover	Rosin, H. M., & Korabik, K. (1991). Workplace variables, affective responses, and intention to leave among women managers. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 64(4), 317–330. DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1991.tb00563.x
Turnover Intentions	Lyons, T. F. (1971). Role clarity, need for clarity, satisfaction, tension, and withdrawal. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 6(1), 99–110. DOI:10.1016/0030-5073(71)90007-9
Transformational Leadership	Podsakoff, P.M., MacKenzie, S.B., Moorman, R.H., & Fetter,R. (1990). Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers' trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 1 (2), 107-142. DOI:10.1016/1048-9843(90)90009-7
Transactional Leadership	Podsakoff, P.M., Todor, W.D., Grover, R.A., & Huber, V.L. (1984). Situational moderators of leader reward and punishment behavior: Fact or fiction? Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 34, 21-63. DOI: 10.1016/0030-5073(84)90036-9
Trust in Focal Person	Kim, P. H., Ferrin, D. L., Cooper, C. D., & Dirks, K. T. (2004). Removing the shadow of suspicion: The effects of apology versus denial for repairing competence - versus integrity-based trust violations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(1), 104–118. DOI:10.1037/0021-9010.89.1.104
Values	Lindeman, M. & Verkasalo, M. (2005). Measuring values with the Short Schwartz's Value Survey. Journal of Personality Assessment, 85(2), 170-178. DOI:10.1207/s15327752jpa8502_09
Voice	Dyne, L. Van, & Lepine, J. A. (1998). Helping and voice extra-role behaviors: Evidence of construct and predictive validity. The Academy of Management Journal, 41(1), 108–119. DOI:10.2307/256902
Work Engagement	Saks, A. M. (2006). Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(7), 600–619. DOI:10.1108/02683940610690169
Warmth and Competence	Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A. J. C., Glick, P., & Xu, J. (2002). A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 878–902. DOI:10.1037//0022-3514.82.6.878
Work Design Questionaire	Morgeson, F. P., & Humphrey, S. E. (2006). The Work Design Questionnaire (WDQ): Developing and validating a comprehensive measure for assessing job design and the nature of work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(6), 1321–1339. DOI:10.1037/0021-9010.91.6.1321
Workplace Deviance	Bennett, R. J., & Robinson, S. L. (2000). Development of a measure of workplace deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(3), 349–360. DOI:10.1037//0021-9010.85.3.349
XY Theory	Sager, K. L. (2008). An exploratory study of the relationships between theory X/Y assumptions and superior communicator style. Management Communication Quarterly, 22(2), 288–312. DOI:10.1177/0893318908323148

Scales in Development - TEXL also hosts scales that are in development testing phases.
A list of those currently on the platform:

Big X

The Big X SCALE IS IN DEVELOPMENT. For more information please contact Hannes Leroy: leroy@rsm.nl

Note: The Big X leadership measure has 4 aspects: Performance, Progress, People and Principle.